What is the purpose of multi-factor authentication (MFA)?

The purpose of multi-factor authentication (MFA) is to enhance security by requiring users to provide multiple forms of verification before gaining access to a system, application, or network. MFA typically combines two or more different factors, which could include something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (like a security token or smartphone), or something the user is (such as biometric data like a fingerprint or facial recognition). This layered approach significantly reduces the chances of unauthorized access because even if one factor is compromised, the additional factors still provide a level of security that an attacker would need to overcome.

While other options may touch on aspects related to authentication, their focus doesn't align with the primary goal of MFA. For example, while simplifying login processes could be a desired outcome, it does not capture the essence of MFA, which is primarily about strengthening security. Similarly, enhancing user experience is often a secondary concern and can sometimes be at odds with the additional steps MFA introduces. Lastly, reducing the number of passwords needed could apply to various security methods but doesn't pertain specifically to the multi-factor concept, which actually may require maintaining multiple forms of login credentials. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the fundamental role of MFA in securing user accounts and sensitive information.